Maritime piracy along Malacca straits 800-1830 Research Paper

The obsession of medical science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The fixation of clinical science - Essay Example We have a fixation on logical strategies and we here and there attempt to overcomplicate certain issues and pregnancies are one of these issues. This discernment is not well established and in this article contentions will be offered with regards to why birthing assistants can be more useful than Obstetricians in the American maternity medicinal services framework. What is the contrast among Obstetricians and Midwives? An obstetrician is an individual who is a clinical master in labors and work issues. These are individuals who have taken proper expert instruction of clinical science and know about medical procedure. Maternity specialists then again are just outfitted with taking care of generally safe pregnancies. Maternity specialists manages the procedure of labor and focus on common procedure of labor. A maternity specialist is commonly expected to finish a couple of seminars on pregnancy and labor however they can't treat kid ailments. The explicitly manage labor and pregnancies . There is a distinction in the labor theory of maternity specialists and obstetricians. Maternity specialists consider labor as a characteristic procedure and they have a characteristic viewpoint on pregnancies. Obstetricians have a clinical point of view and view labor as a clinical hazard. Upsides and downsides of Obstetricians The significant advantage of obstetricians is that they get formal expert training with respect to labor and work system. They are clinical master and know about the elements of other body parts. They have inside and out information about the human body in this way they can perform complex labors. Obstetricians can likewise perform surgeries like a cesarean which birthing assistants can't. High hazard pregnancies can be taken care of by an obstetrician and not a birthing assistant. Once in a while the mother has heart issue or diabetes so such labors are better dealt with by obstetricians. The most huge detriment of obstetricians is that they have a clinic al science point of view that sees labor as a hazard and not a characteristic procedure. Along these lines they are increasingly disposed to utilize surgeries when there is no need of it. There is likewise a lack of obstetricians along these lines they can't concentrate on one pregnancy and this can now and again lead to confusions. Marsden Wagner says â€Å"In USA obstetrician plates are full to overflowing† (pp.6). They are occupied to such an extent that they think that its difficult to focus on a specific case. In such manner a birthing specialist improves as she invests more energy with the mother. Advantages and disadvantages of Midwives offer types of assistance that are fiscally moderate by individuals. They charge far lesser than an obstetrician for their administrations and this makes them progressively alluring to gynecologists. The clinical way of thinking of maternity specialists permits them to see labor as a characteristic procedure and not as a clinical hazard . This permits them to think uniquely in contrast to obstetricians and they can depend on characteristic strategies. They additionally give extensive time to their patients so this permits them to comprehend the patient in a superior manner. Maternity specialists can perform labors in homes. This is an additional bit of leeway as important time isn't lost in carrying the patient to the emergency clinic. The absence of clinical information fills in as a detriment for birthing assistants. Any intricacy during a labor can't be illuminated by birthing specialists. They are additionally absent to the present pattern of medication and in the event of an

Top College Essay Topics

Top College Essay TopicsFinding the best top college essay topics is an important part of writing for your course. The topics are very important because they can help you get past certain obstacles you may be having. Here are some tips to help you out when it comes to finding the top college essay topics.You want to make sure that the essays you are writing have all the essay topics that you need. This is a good way to get past what may be stopping you from writing a good essay. It will help you become more confident when you are in the process of writing your own.One of the first places you can start looking for top college essay topics is online. You want to look for different topics on different topics. This is a great way to start because it will give you many different options.Once you have decided on the essay topic, you can start looking at various websites to find the essay you want. You can search for these by the topics you chose. Make sure you search on different topics an d in many different ways.The next tip is to write up a list of essay topics that you can use. Then you will want to see what types of topics other students are using for their assignments. This can help you see what the typical subjects will be on the subject of writing an essay.Another tip is to talk to people who have already written essays about their topics. You will be able to get ideas and advice from this. They can also show you how to go about choosing the right topics for your essay.You can also find top college essay topics by looking in magazines or newspapers. Many times they have the same topics that you will find in an essay. If they do not, then you will be able to take note of where they are writing about and try to find them.You should be able to get through these tips to help you find the top college essay topics. They will help you be more comfortable in the process of writing. They will also help you to be more confident in the content of your own essay.

A Hour By Kate Chopin - 1269 Words

The representation of marriage and gender parts portrayed in the America short stories the Necklace by Guy De Maupassan The Short story of a Hour by Kate Chopin are short stories which uncover many viewpoints seen in the human intuitive convictions. These stories demonstrate how the male characters assume the primary part in marriage as the dominant ones and their partners, the females taking up the weaker parts. The women in these stories are portrayed as unsteady person who are inclined to fantasy, feeble and precarious consequently they are general human creatures who are incapable. By analyzing the significant themes, style and contents in these two stories particularly on the female psyche, one has the capacity see what matters which exists between the genders parts particularly inside the connection of marriage. The major artistic hypothesis which can bests elucidate this idea is the one on psychoanalysis. With the point of accomplishing the right psychoanalysis of the signifi cant characters in these stories, the originals of the mental methodology will first be talked about and the personal significance it has on these two short story authors. The Story of an Hour and The Necklace how little a thing is required for us to be spared? Both short stories, Maupassant s The Necklace and Chopin s The Story of a Hour depict two diverse yet much the same women, who decline to acknowledge their destiny and preclude the life from securing women of their class. They are bothShow MoreRelatedKate Chopin s The Hour928 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The Story of The Hour† fully answers its title. It is a story about a woman living her last hour. Not so many things happen during that hour, but in contrast, many thoughts fly through main character’s head and a reader can form an accurate portrait of a woman’s life from these thoughts. Somebody tells her that her husband is dead. After that she dives into the whirl of thoughts regarding the impact of husband’s death on her future. Some facts or beliefs make this woman think that her husband’sRead MoreThe Story Of An Hour By Kate Chopin1241 Words   |  5 Pag esâ€Å"The Story of an Hour† by Kate Chopin is a wonderful short story bursting with many peculiar twists and turns. Written in 1894, the author tells a tale of a woman who learns of her husband’s death, but comes to find pleasure in it. Many of the elements Kate Chopin writes about in this story symbolize something more than just the surface meaning. Through this short story, told in less than one thousand one hundred words, Kate Chopin illustrates a deeper meaning of Mrs. Mallard’s marriage with herRead MoreThe Story Of An Hour By Kate Chopin855 Words   |  4 PagesThe Story of an Hour In the â€Å"Story of an Hour† by Kate Chopin, is about pleasure of freedom and the oppression of marriage. Just like in Kate Chopin’s story, inside most marriages, even the ones that seem to be the happiest, one can be oppressed. Even though, one might seem to be happy deep inside they miss the pleasure of freedom and living life to the fullest. Just like, in this story Mrs. Mallard feels trapped and when she hears about her husband’s death she first feels distraught, but ultimatelyRead MoreThe Story Of An Hour By Kate Chopin1457 Words   |  6 Pagesevery story, book, song, and movie. These interpretations create conflict and allow people to discuss different ideas and opinions. Without this conflict of thought there is no one devoting time to debate the true meaning of a text. Kate Chopin’s â€Å"The Story of an Hour† tells about a woman who is informed of her husbands death, processes the emotions, and becomes content with this new status as an individual person – losing all the expectations that society expected her to live by within a marriageRead MoreThe Story Of An Hour By Kate Chopin987 Words   |  4 PagesIn Kate Chopin’s short story, â€Å"The Story of an Hour† reader’s see a potentially long story put into a few pages filled with rising action, climax and even death. In the beginning of the story, character Louise Mallard, who has a heart condition, is told of the death of her husband by her sister and one of her husband’s friends. Afterwards Mrs. Mallard is filled with emptiness and then joy of freedom. This joy of freedom is actually what consequently leads to her death in the end when she discoversRead MoreThe Story Of An Hour By Kate Chopin972 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The Story of an Hour† by Kate Chopin expresses Ms. Mallard’s feelings towards her husband’s death in an appalling train accident. Due to her bad heart, her sister Josephine had to be the bearer of bad news and approach his death gently to her. According to the quote, â€Å" But now there was a dull stare in her eyes, whose gaze was fixed away off yonder on one of those patches of blue sky. It was not a glance of reflection, but rather indicated a suspension of intelligent thought†, it lets us know thatRead MoreThe Story Of An Hour By Kate Chopin1061 Words   |  5 Pages Throughout the short story, â€Å"The Story of an Hour†, readers are introduced to characters whose lives change drastically in the course of this writing. Through Kate Chopin’s story we can identify many different themes and examples of symbolism in her writing. Chopin’s choice of themes in this writing are no surprise due to the time frame of which this story was written. Chopin often wrote stories with of women’s rights, and is noted as one of America’s first open feminists. As this story of an illRead MoreThe Stoyr of an Hour by Kate Chopin798 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"The Story of an Hour† by Kate Chopin, is a short story of overwhelming events that all lead up to Louise Mallard’s death. Louise Mallard, who has heart problems, is told by her sister Josephine and her husband’s friend Richard that her husband has died in a railroad accident only to soon find out that her husband is alive and did not have any involvement in the accident. Josephine and Richard both know of Louise’s heart trouble so, â€Å"great care was taken to break to her as gently as possible† theRead MoreThe Story Of An Hour By Kate Chopin998 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The story of an hour† by Kate Chopin was a story that was ironical yet profoundly deep. As a student I have been asked to read â€Å"a story of an hour† many times, and every time I’m surprised by how I enjoy it. People can read thousands of stories in their life times and only a handful will every stand out to them, stories that can d raw out an emotion or spark a thought are the ones that will standout more. For me and â€Å"a story of an hour† the thought of freedom is what draws me the most as a teenageRead MoreThe Story Of An Hour By Kate Chopin1542 Words   |  7 Pagesof an Hour†, Kate Chopin writes about a woman with heart trouble, Mrs. Mallard, who, in finding out about the death of her husband, Mr. Mallard, experiences some initial feelings of sadness which quickly transition into the exhilarating discovery of the idea of a newfound freedom lying in front of her. When it is later revealed that her husband is not actually dead, she realizes she will not get to taste that freedom. The devastation kills her. What Mrs. Mallard goes through in just an hour displays

Education Standardize Creativity - 759 Words

Most people go through the same or similar paths throughout their high school careers. They sit in a room full of 30 or so other kids all bored out of their minds trying to listen up for when the next test will be. All the while they’re â€Å"paying attention to the teacher† they also tend to look up to the clock on a minute by minute basis excitedly waiting for either lunch or the end of the day. When either of those events happen they’ll end up leaving the classroom like a stampeding herd of cattle trying not to be the last person left in class. Then comes the test that they’ve been working on for the past week or so, and find out that they hadn’t retained nearly as much as they had thought originally. Children cannot thrive in a boring†¦show more content†¦Standardized testing should be thrown out, and replaced with more creativity. For example instead of wasting time practicing for a Shakespearian test, one could act out the play. By ac ting out the play it gives the students an understanding of how the characters felt, and of a different perspective other than that of text. While in high school one is literally told to be good listeners, and not to talk or express one’s own ideas. In some cases it’s great to be a good listener, but it’s also important to be a good communicator just the same. What would be the point of learning all the information that someone is taught throughout high school if he or she didn’t know how to effectively communicate that information to someone else. Math classes teach many formulas to all sorts of problems, but how can someone understand the formula if he or she doesn’t even know the origin in which it came from. People can’t use something that they don’t understand, nor can they create their own conclusions leaving the evolution of information at a standstill. One major downfall to the current education regime is the increasingly growing dropout rate of teens in high school. From the start of their high school careers students begin with hundreds of students from the adjacent elementary schools. Next year will comeShow MoreRelatedStandardized Testing Is The Most Common Form Of Testing707 Words   |  3 Pagesstudents or groups of students. (Cite Source) Since the beginning of public schools in the mid 1800s standardize test has changed education. Standardize test is the most common form of testing in the world. The main purpose of standardized tests in schools is to give educators an objective, unbiased perspective of how effective their instruction is.(put your source) Unfortunately standardize testing is not used the same way it was intended to be used in the 1800s. In the 1800s with students migratingRead MoreWhat Tools Are Used For Measure School And Teacher Performance?1548 Words   |  7 Pages Safari 3: Education in Indiana Mikayla Moore SWK-S 141, 9:30 – 10:45am Professor McAlister March 06, 2017 What tools are used to measure school and teacher performance? Indiana is in the making of a massive education reform effort that includes that creation of vouchers, increasing charter schools and adopting a new system to hold schools accountable. Reformers are predicting that large numbers of bad teachers will be tossed out, good teachers will be rewarded, and teacher qualityRead MoreCommon Core Curriculum Negatively Affects Students1121 Words   |  5 PagesIn the past ten years, the Common Core Curriculum has become the driving force in American students education. Adapted in 2010 through the No Child Left Behind Act, it began with vigorous testing that failed to raise educational performance. In order to improve the act, the federal government then created an entire standard based curriculum. This educational initiative became further known as Common Core, which is currently being implemented in every public school across America. Common Core detailsRead MoreWhat Does Education Mean?1613 Words   |  7 Pagesdoes education mean? According to the Merriam-Webster dictionary it is â€Å"the action or process of teaching someone.† However, our education system does not reflect that type of definition. Education is a process it is never ending. Teaching is both an art and science. It requires the one doing the teaching to have a strong or a mastering understanding of the subject. This person is able to analyze, syntheses and evaluate concepts related to the subject. Education is knowledge. The education systemRead MoreControlling The Work Of Teachers Essay1407 Words   |  6 Pagespaid and not educators. So, the creators of the curriculum has no idea of what it is like, to be a teacher. Making the designer of the curriculum be someone who has a true interest in education, would help improve the learning environment. Those being in control of the curriculum, that have no interest in education is a form of control, that many may not notice but, some view it as heading towards professionalism. Curriculum development has resulted in an increased proletarianizaion of almost anRead MoreThe Mega Marketing Of Depression Essay1609 Words   |  7 Pagesnearly unavoidable. Cathy Davidson’s essay, â€Å"Project Classroom Makeover,† presents how the enforcement of mundane standardization in American education systems leads to the decrease of original talents and creativity. Similarly, Ethan Watters’ essay, â€Å"The Mega-Marketing of Depression in Japan,† portrays the ways in which pharmaceutical companies attempt to standardize depression, shifting the reality of an entire culture, for the sake of their profit. Lastly, in â€Å"The Mind’s Eye,† Oliver Sacks illustratesRead MoreThe Importance Of Teachers For Children Through Their Youth1594 Words   |  7 Pageseverything they might need for a test, incorporates a way for school systems and the government to make sure that every student is on the right track and way to inspire creativity as we spiral towards memorization-based learning. Creativity is the starting point of innovation, and the United States has reached a creativity crisis. The creativity of the next generations is dropping at an alarming rate and it starts with our school systems. Our country is moving towards standard curriculum, national testsRead MoreAre Standardized Tests a Good Measure of Ones Ability? Essay1146 Words   |  5 PagesIf you are a student in some form of higher education institution, you might have gone through the scary phase of having to take a standardized test to apply for a college, a scholarship program or better still to complete the high school program. Normally good scores in these tests guarantees good scholarships or admission into an institution because the scores from standardize tests are used as a conclusive measure of one’s abilities. But due to the fact that these scores ignores years of hardRead MoreThe Mcdonaldization Of Society By George Ritzer999 Words   |  4 Pagesas a guide, apply the principles of McDonaldization to education (either K-12 or Universities) to explain how it has been fully or partially McDonaldized. Discuss whether this McDonaldization of Education is good or bad for the society. We have built our education system on a one-size-fits-all business model. McDonald’s and Ikea stores provide the best example of a structure that is entirely standardized and that translates to education in the United States. Living in an instant world with soRead MoreReview Of Francis Lewis High School934 Words   |  4 Pagesalong with each other. Katherine W. Philippis also quoted, â€Å"Diversity enhances creativity. It encourages the search for novel information and perspectives, leading to better decision making and problem solving. Diversity can improve the bottom line of companies and lead to unfettered discoveries and breakthrough innovations.† Each person can have a better understanding by expanding our knowledge and ideas. The education system was tough in New York City. The teachers are not well prepared to teach

Auditing and Assurance Standard Global Finance

Question: Discuss about Auditing and Assurance Standard for Global Finance. Answer: Introduction and Background of Firm I am appointed as a senior auditor in the firm of EA Partners. The firm has make a decision to take on a new client and asked for me to compile a risk assessment report on the firm that is a major of the initial stage of the audit plan as well as preparation. The firm selected me to carry out the analysis because of I am very much familiar with the firm in which the firm is situated. Moreover, the firm also asked me to uncover the inherent risks of the new client. This paper would be helpful to come across the relevant inherent risks in an effective way. Also, the paper would also be helpful to recommend suitable control elements that may diminish the impact of those inherent risks on the firm in an appropriate and a more comprehensive manner. On the other hand, the global financial crisis as well as variances in worldwide financial conditions has demonstrated that risks are constantly accessible or present in the import export firm. Along with this, changes in directions of the nations created risks to the import export firm. Moreover, vacillation in the swapping scale could affect in the income and benefit of the business that makes risks of import export firm. Besides, import export firm also confronted the high rivalry in the worldwide markets because of extensive quantities of local as well as international firm accessible in the business sector that additionally make risks to the organizations (Manresa, 2010). Existing Risks of Import Export Firm The above section demonstrated the current risks of the import and export firm. Auditors will break down and assess of the officially existing dangers and control chance that are identified with inner control. Along with this, auditors will assess and distinguish risks that are affected the exchanges and money related report of the firm. Distinguish and underline risks in inspecting that record or reveal botches in inside controls because of misrepresentation, blunder and error. What's more, the risks related to export and import firm will affect the accomplishment of foreign business that is identified in this paper and that is distinguished in this paper (Cook, 2004). Inherent Risks of Import Export Firm There are numerous inherent risks that are related to the import and export firm. These risks are described as below: Exchange Rate Risk: The variances in swapping scale makes budgetary danger of import and fare firm. For instance, an American exporter offering merchandise in Japan and get installment from shipper in Yen however changes in return rates sways on its sum in US dollar that makes money related dangers of them since it affects its income and benefit of the business. Along with this, the development in return rates can influence the exporter additions or incomes that make risks to the business (Griffiths, 2016). The import and export firm should be focused on the swapping scale to control or decrease hazard on account of changes in coasting rate, cash esteem and conversion scale. In the event that swapping scale is high change then budgetary danger is high and it improves the danger of misfortunes on account of firm can't precisely valuation of remote coin (Homaifar, 2004). In this way, the auditor will arrange attempt to set distinguishing hazard low through contributing the recorded money related exchange on the swapping scale, while consider the worldwide standard of examining (ISA) 200. Legal Risk: The distinctions in the law of nations their organizations are trading and importing merchandise and administrations makes lawful risks to import export firms. In addition to this, it is supposed that, the business association should concentrate on comprehension the real contrasts since they can impact the general business of the firm specifically or in a roundabout way (Pickett, 2006). Additionally, it is also found that, if the agreement is connected by the exporter or merchant keeping in mind the end goal to deal or buys merchandise to an abroad purchaser, in this circumstance both shipper or exporter would need to comprehend what legitimate principles, directions and approach would be utilized or connected as a part of the circumstance of question. Moreover, every last lawful condition ought to likewise be specified in the agreement before composing it. Similarly, the business firm should comprehend and concentrate on the legitimate guidelines, structure and approaches before th e arrangement procedure in a powerful and more precise way (Maria, K. 2007). Control Risks of Import Export Firm The major control audit risks that are related to the import and export firm are described as below: Political Risks: In today's all the more difficult and aggressive business time, every single business firm must comprehend and think about the political dependability and circumstance of the remote organization before going into any business contract. Moreover, such sorts of perils (political risks) may be inspected through conflict like and political shakiness, normal strife, war, strikes et cetera. These variables also impact the business life of a nation conflictingly (Cannon, 2011). By taking the instance of political perils, there are distinctive nations over the overall world, for instance, Vietnam, North Korea that doesn't have much outside exchange remembering the finished objective to settle stock/organization. Similarly, such sorts of political threat can impact an association and its organization structure in another nation. Apart from this, it should furthermore be noted down that, if the exporter's trade items and organization with the remote customers that are standing up to the issues related to basic strife and war, in this condition the inherent risk would be high and they may defy the issues or issue associated with the portion (Gray Manson, 2007). Rivalry Risk: In the present time, hazard associated with the restriction is one of the genuine risks that impact the matter of charge and import. Basically, it may be said that, due to more contention in the business, distinctive affiliations/firms require benefits of negligible exertion costs. For example, China is one of the greatest nations that are depicted effortlessly of work and expenses to convey stock. Likewise, in light of the less costly cost of things or items, basic threat would be high (Auditing and Assurance Standard. 2002). What's more, Auditing Standard ASA 260 Communication with those blamed for Governance for controller to sort out and play out their review permit after genuine to apply the law with structures business and reflecting impacts, for case, size and proprietorship attributes. They are trademark peril and control chance as high, the evaluator will pick set low area risk in light of the fact that on the authorized development rights really perplex procedure relate wit h the law between business countries who sign contract with. An analyst will grow the level of reliance put with the bare essential that incorporate to the exchange trading and thing account under the law of authorized advancement right (Moeller, 2009). Detection Risk of Import Export Firm The major detection risks that are linked to the import and export firm are described as below: Product Risk: As we realize that, the import and export division is depicted with meandering of items/thing and organization and this firm business work under the different business circumstances. Despite this, it is in like manner watched that, each and every term or condition of the declaration should address the inquiry that how the things or items should be managed and what might be its impact on the limit (Garczynski, 2008). Also, the reviewer is totally competent to explore specific assertions identifying with the course of action and affirmation levels in the money related reporting and analyst's thought about the threat in the matter of whether a material misrepresentation on omission or blackmail according to Auditing Standard ASA 315 Identifying and Assessing the Risks of Material. In the same course, in the import and toll firm, the business firms would need to supplant or repair the thing rapidly (Australian Government Department of exchange commission. 2014). On the premise of these b usiness circumstances, it can be said that, inborn danger would be high for presence of shoes as they might be lost or stolen. Natural Risks: Business firms identified with the import and fare business ought to likewise think about the characteristic dangers. For instance, avalanches, quakes, avalanches, tempests, surges and volcanic emissions are the fundamental driver of normal dangers that have negative effect on the import and fare business (Pickett, 2005). Despite this, it is watched that, these sorts of threat can in like manner declares the amount of customers, scattering of thing and level of consequence of the affiliations. Plus, it is fundamental to the shippers and exporters that they should moreover charge thee well about such sorts of risks by getting intense and fitting frameworks and strategies in a fruitful and real way. Of course, on the reason of Auditing Standard ASA 320 Materiality in Planning and Performing and Audit, the analyst should make mastermind and direct their survey with the objective that they can minimize the level of trademark perils (Auditing and Assurance Standard. 2002). In addition to this, inherent risk as well as business risk identified with the audit risk that distinguishes the audit accomplices to decrease internal risk of firm to easily maintain the business. A wide range of risk for example, political, legal, rivalry, and so on survey by the audit partners to accomplish audit objectives in an effective and a significant manner. Control Elements to Mitigate the Impact of Risks There are some important control elements that play a significant role to mitigate the impact of risks effectively. These control elements are given as below: Guarantees: It is one of the critical and important procedures to decrease the danger. It is on the grounds that the assurances would help and bolster dealer and purchaser since it will create certainty amongst merchant and purchaser under the law and tax collection (Puncel, 2007). Direct Credit: As indicated by this, shipper and also exporter ought to make an attractive contract with the outside client. For instance, on the premise of this, a merchant would make conceded installment for a business receipt; in this circumstance the exporter ought to guarantee himself against the danger of non-installment or late installment (Johnstone, Gramling Rittenberg, 2015). Hedging Price: Fundamentally, this technique or strategy is understood as a value adjustment program that will diminish hazard connected with the value changes over the span of time (Chaumont, 2013). Conclusion/Recommendations On the premise of above study, it is outlined that, in the import and export business segment inherent risk assume a critical part and influence the elements of the business association. Notwithstanding this, it is prescribed that; this segment ought to concentrate on lessening the diverse sorts of risk by utilizing suitable systems. Additionally, the auditors and responsible people, for example, authoritative executives ought to concentrate on improvement of inward controls. Subsequently, associations ought to attempt to dodge diverse sorts of risks that can influence the general profitability of the business firms (Australian Government Auditing and Assurance Standards Board. 2014). References Auditing and Assurance Standard. (2002).Risk Assessments And Internal Control. Retrieved from: https://www.caalley.com/aas/aas06.html Australian Government Auditing and Assurance Standards Board (2014). Australian Auditing Standards. Retrieved from: https://www.auasb.gov.au/Pronouncements/Australian-Auditing-Standards.aspx Australian Government Department of trade commission (2014). Risk management of an import and export firm Risk management. Retrieved from: https://www.austrade.gov.au/Export/About-Exporting/Risk-management Cannon, D.L. (2011). CISA Certified Information Systems Auditor Study Guide. USA: John Wiley Sons. Chaumont, M. (2013). The risk-based audit approach: Auditing. GRIN Verlag. Cook, T.A. (2004). Mastering Import and Export Management. USA: AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn. Garczynski, M.F. (2008). Knowledge-Based Audits of Health Care Entities. Australia: CCH. Gray, I., Manson, S. (2007). The Audit Process: Principles, Practice and Cases. Australia: Cengage Learning EMEA. Griffiths, P. (2016). Risk-Based Auditing. Australia: CRC Press. Homaifar, G. (2004). Managing Global Financial and Foreign Exchange Rate Risk. USA: John Wiley Sons. Johnstone, K., Gramling, A., Rittenberg, L.E. (2015). Auditing: A Risk Based-Approach to Conducting a Quality Audit. USA: Cengage Learning. Manresa, M. (2010). How to Open and Operate a Financially Successful Import Export Business. USA: Atlantic Publishing Company. Maria, K. (2007). What can affect an import and export company. Retrieved from: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/can-affect-import-export-company-43130.html Moeller, R.R. (2009). Brink's Modern Internal Auditing: A Common Body of Knowledge. UK: John Wiley Sons. Pickett, K.H.S. (2005). Auditing the Risk Management Process. USA: John Wiley Sons. Pickett, K.H.S. (2006). Audit Planning: A Risk-Based Approach. USA: John Wiley Sons. Puncel, L. (2007). Audit Procedures 2008. Australia: CCH.

The Role of Socio

Introduction Socio-psychology is a discipline that utilizes scientific models to comprehend and expound on how the real, perceived or involved company of others affects the ideas, emotions and conduct. In fact, the discipline highlights the impacts of group and individual actions and beliefs on the self as well as customs and behaviors of other people. Often, concepts such as individualism and collectivism are used to explain various aspects of socio-cultural psychology.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Role of Socio-Cultural Psychology on Society specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Conformity, majority influence, and minority influence The change in conduct as an outcome of grouping pressure though devoid of direct demand to abide by the activities of the group is termed as conformity. Coworkers influence individuals regardless of the position they hold in the society. In workplace, several factors come into pla y regarding how individuals perform in the face of increasing demands. At the core of these requisites is the perception by self as well as how coworkers influence the individual. Inherently, differences are bound to arise due to social factors such as the urge to be identified with a specific grouping. For instance, the working class spends more time with colleagues. Consequently, the colleagues influence the behavior of the individual. Irrespective of the career, coworkers tend to influence an entity and an urge develops within the person ‘to belong’ to such a group. Accordingly, the individual experiences pressure from colleagues to conform to the established custom of the majority. This could possibly influence an individual when expressing personal opinion. The majority influence occurs when individuals adopt the manners, approach, values and stance of the majority upon exposure to their aforementioned aspects. In developing a new product for a company, the individ uals are given the same opportunity. Thus, one is likely to agree with a product that the majority of the colleagues view as better. This may be irrespective of the view of an individual as having the best idea of a new product. The normative aspect of the majority influence happens when a worker conforms to the expectation that they will gain respect or be impressive to the colleagues. Apparently, lack of self-perception on worthiness may result into an individual being influenced by the information they receive from colleagues. It is imperative for an individual in the workplace to have high self-esteem regarding their profession.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, in developing a new product for a company, many aspects must be put into consideration. Although one may have high self-esteem and judgment, the perception of the self should not prevent one from making the right d ecisions regarding the welfare of the workplace in general. Personal opinion though good should not stand in the way when others make constructive contribution. With respect to conformity and influence, an individual is likely to be aligned with what is best for the company as opposed to self-perception of what is best. This may be in respect to the view of the majority with regard to how one is to express the self. When the majority is opposed to the product that one develops, one is likely to use charismatic language in an attempt to win them in accepting the new product one suggests. The workplace setup often requires individuals to work in harmony with others. Therefore, individualism is not always welcomed in any successful corporation. In this view, it is tasking for an individual to influence the views of the majority into accepting the view of the minority. This is inherent unless one holds an influential position. Alternatively, one may have a better idea regarding the deve lopment of a new product in order to influence the opinions offered by the majority. Thus, the minority influence in developing a new product is closely linked to the superiority of the product to be introduced in the market. As a worker, one has to convince the decision-makers that the product they suggest for development will present the organization with value. Liberal, northeastern values and customs The pattern of covariation regarding the principal personality traits is a common feature of the human species. Studies reveal that a universal five-factor structure of traits is found in all ethnic and cultural backgrounds (McCrae and Costa 512). Despite this eminent fact, other values are universal to personality. In fact, a research study found that in all cultures, women perceive themselves as possessing high level of sociability, neuroticism, honesty and warmth. In view of men, males in all cultures are assertive and open to ideas (Voracek and Allik, 1718). These gender differe nces increase with high levels of human development. Such developments include longer and healthier life, equivalent access to knowledge and education as well as economic prosperity (Allik, Realo, and Mottus 878). Cross-cultural correlation between sex differences in personality is inherent and more replicable than the correlation between the average levels of traits. In the mid-eastern communities, gender roles are not evident as the society regards the contribution of individuals at workplace irrespective of gender. In essence, the society expects both males and females to contribute to the daily routines in their homes.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Role of Socio-Cultural Psychology on Society specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In the mid-western communities, the society is restrictive regarding what an individual should or should not do. This is irrespective of their statuses in the society. Apparently, the individuals in these societies are expected to be observing the unwritten societal laws. These laws include the view of men regarding women. Women in these societies are expected to be submissive to their husbands irrespective of their education, wealth or family backgrounds. However, the culture in the northeast is rather flexible. Women are treated in a more or less the same way as men. The gender of individuals is not a significant factor in aspects such as employment, exposure to education and career. The culture recognizes the efforts, contribution and competence of individuals as opposed to viewing the individuals from a gender perspective. Besides, women are expected to handle the domestic roles while men are expected to be largely the breadwinners. Similar to the northeastern culture, age plays a central role in every culture. People become less assertive and open to new initiatives with age. They also become more pleasant and reliable with age. This is irrespective of g ender. The common difference between the older and younger people is even and highly replicable across cultures. Younger people in both the east and west are expected to have respect for the older people. However, in the western communities, the raising of children influences self-perception as well as how individuals view others. In these communities, the way people view others and self-perception emanates from the unavoidable imbalance between the internal and external perspectives (Mottus and Allik 153). Hence, the migration from Massachusetts to the more conservative mid-western societies means that the cultural environment changes. In this context, the liberal views will be restricted by the conservative approach of issues and daily lives. Social influences that may alter perceptions of the self Self-concept regards the way individuals view themselves. It is about how individuals consider and evaluate themselves. The awareness about oneself is possessing self-concept. The devel opment of the self takes two views as discussed below. The Existential Self According to Voracek and Allik 174), this self is the principal part of the self-concept. Primarily, it is the logic of being detached and being unique from others. That is, it is being aware of the constancy of the self. At early stages of growth and development, the individuals recognize that they survive as detached bodies from others.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The individual realizes that he/she continues to survive over space and time. Existential self starts as early as two months. It arises to some extent due to the link a newborn has with the world. In order to illustrate this, when infant smiles, it is apparent that those around will smile back. Categorical Self After the realization that one exists as a detached individual, the infant gains awareness that it is an ‘object’ in existence. Thus, similar to other ‘objects’ such as people and buildings, the infants realize that they also have the characteristics that can be experienced such as tall, black, and other features. The infants gradually gain awareness of themselves that they are also objects that can be experienced as they have characteristics. Moreover, kids realize that they can be put in categories including age, sex, skills, and size. Despite the fact that individuals can develop self-concepts of themselves, social interactions influence self-perc eption. However, self-perception is impacted by experiences as an individual develops from childhood to adulthood. Many social factors contribute towards the alteration of self-perception. For instance, parental influences, association, the media and experiences shape the way individuals view themselves. The reaction of those with whom one interacts with plays a role in shaping self-perception. When others respect, compliment, pay attention to what we say, want to be in our companionship and concur with us, it helps one to develop a positive perception. When people around keep away from us, ignore, state things that we would rather not listen to, one develops negative own-perception. A female engineer comparing herself with others is a social factor that contributes to self-perception. When one compares herself with others and feels as though one is superior to others, such a belief develops into a positive self-perception. When the group for comparison seems to be doing well, more contented and wealthier compared to ourselves, we build up a downbeat own-perception. Social roles also play a significant part in influencing self-perception. Inherently, the role of boys is typically different from the roles performed by girls in the society. Often, males seem to have a perception that they are superior to girls. That aside, when different boys are given different roles, those who are assigned to do what appears to be masculine roles develop positive self-perception. Those who are assigned feminine roles tend to have negative self-perception. In an engineering company, this aspect comes up founded on the fact that the roles are part of our personality. Conversely, people identify themselves with the positions they occupy. There are social roles that are identified to possess prestige such as being a pilot. Thus, holding a prestigious role such as of an engineer builds positive self-perception. However, there are social roles that carry stigma. For example, playing the role of a garbage collector is typically degrading. When one plays the role of an inmate or a mental patient, it becomes stigmatizing leading to negative self-perception. Thus, as a female engineer working in an ultra-masculine environment, having a positive self-perception is fundamental in ensuring that one interacts well with co-workers. Works Cited Allik, Juri, Anu Realo, and Rene Mottus (2010). â€Å"How People see others is Different from How People See Themselves: A Replica Pattern across Cultures.† Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 99.5(2010): 870-882. Print. McCrae, Robert and Paul Costa. â€Å"Personality Trait Structures as a Human Universal.† American Psychologist, 52.4(2005): 509-516. Print. Mottus, Rene and Juri Allik. â€Å"Toward More Readable Big Five Personality Inventories.† European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 22.2 (2006): 149-157. Print. Voracek, Martin and Juri Allik. â€Å"Why Can’t a Man be more like a Wo man? Sex Differences in Big Five Personality Traits across 55 Cultures.† Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 94.2(2008): 168-182. Print. This essay on The Role of Socio-Cultural Psychology on Society was written and submitted by user Johnathan I. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Analyzing the Meaning of Honesty and Dishonesty in Society

Analyzing the Meaning of Honesty and Dishonesty in Society “Honesty is the best policy,” this well know statement not even followed by its preachers nowadays holds close to no value in the minds of most today. Honesty seems to have faded to the back of our minds allowing us to forget of its importance and find justification in every lie we tell, and not until a lie generates a negative effect will it be deemed unjustified and immoral.Truth throughout time has been deemed highly respected and at times in small anecdotes able to save someones life. In the story of Joseph, the boy with a robe of many colors, betrayed by his brothers and sold, believes his brothers are lying when they, pleading for grain to feed all their family, tell him of all their family including their youngest brother. Joseph, then second-in-command to Pharaoh, also the youngest in their family as he recalls, so "On the third day Joseph said to them, ‘Do what I say and your lives will be spared, for I am a godfearing man: if you are honest men, only one of you brother shall be kept in prison, while the rest of you may go and take grain for your starving households; but you must bring your youngest brother to me.English: Hippolytus and Phaedra Sarcophagus, Campo...

How to Develop a Smart GMAT Study Plan

How to Develop a Smart GMAT Study Plan The GMAT is a challenging test. If you want to do well, youre going to need a study plan that will help you prepare in an efficient and effective manner. A structured study plan breaks the huge task of preparation into manageable tasks and achievable goals. Lets explore some of the steps you can take to develop a smart GMAT study plan based on your individual needs. Get Familiar With Test Structure Knowing the answers to the questions on the GMAT is important, but knowing how  to read and answer GMAT questions is even more important. The first step in your study plan is to study the GMAT itself. Learn how the test is structured, how questions are formatted, and how the test is scored. This will make it easier for you to understand the method behind the madness so to speak. Take a Practice Test Knowing where youre at will help you decide where you need to go. So the next thing you should do is take a GMAT practice test to assess your verbal, quantitative, and analytical writing skills. Since the real GMAT is a timed test, you should also time yourself when you take the practice test. Try not to be discouraged if you get a bad score on the practice test. Most people don’t do very well on this test the first time around - thats why everyone takes so long to prepare for it! Determine How Long You Plan to Study Giving yourself enough time to prepare for the GMAT is really important. If you rush through the test prep process, it will hurt your score. The people who score the highest on the GMAT tend to spend a large amount of time preparing for the test (120 hours or more according to most surveys). However, the amount of time that should be devoted to preparing for the GMAT comes down to individuals needs. Here are a few questions you need to ask yourself: What is my target GMAT score? Most business schools publish class profiles that contain an average GMAT score or score range for students who have been accepted to the program. Look up the average score for students at the business school youre applying to. This score should be your target GMAT score. If you have a high target GMAT score, youre going to need to study more than the average test taker.How well did I score on the practice GMAT? Take the score you got on the practice GMAT and compare it to your target score. The larger the gap, the longer you are going to need to study to close it.When do I need to take the GMAT? Determine how long you have before you need to take the test. You don’t want to wait too long into the application process to take the GMAT. It is important to give yourself enough time to retake it just in case. So think about the application deadlines for the schools you are applying to and plan accordingly. Use your answers to the above questions to determine how long you need to study for the GMAT. At a minimum, you should plan at least one month to prepare for the GMAT. Planning to spend two to three months would be even better. If you will only be devoting an hour or less each day to prep and need a top score, you should plan on studying for four to five months. Get Support A lot of people choose to take a GMAT prep course as a way of studying for the GMAT. Prep courses can be really helpful. They are typically taught by individuals who are familiar with the test and full of tips on how to score high. GMAT prep courses are also very structured. They will teach you how to study for the test so that you can use your time efficiently and effectively. Unfortunately, GMAT prep courses can be expensive. They might also require a significant time commitment (100 hours or more). If you cant afford a GMAT prep course, you should seek out free GMAT prep books from your local library. Practice, Practice, Practice The GMAT is not the kind of test that you cram for. You should stretch your prep out and work on it a little bit each day. This means doing practice drills on a consistent basis. Use your study plan to determine how many drills to do each day. For example, if you plan to study for 120 hours over four months, you should do one hour of practice questions every single day. If you plan to study for 120 hours over two months, youll need to do two hours worth of practice questions each day. And remember, the test is timed, so you should time yourself when doing drills so that you can train yourself to answer every question in just a minute or two.

Stock project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Stock project - Essay Example The company has acquired you tube and feed burner making it easier to access entertainment through the web. It has also acquired documents termed as jotspots, spreadsheets i.e. the 2web technologies and presentations called zenters. Google Company believes in working in a fun environment to develop technology. It also aims to synchronize the information from different companies. The information provided in the search engines is targeted for users as well it is relevant (Susan, 2025). Stock analysis The company stock stood at highs of $588.19 since the upgrading was implemented. The past three months have experienced a market rise in its price earnings of 12%. The company has been able recouple its losses since the adopted upgrading strategy. The share gained 4.5% on 28/11/2009 to close at $588.19. It had lows of $587.55 i.e.-0.11% to -0.64%. The company share price stood at lows of $500 and highest of $600 in the past three month (Market watch, pp.1). The company has been experiencin g threats in its advertising from Facebook that was causing the losses in its share price before upgrading. The company has spent $1.48million in lobby acts to government in an attempt to scrutinize the illegal use of internet activities. This amount has been to be the highest ever spent over the years of its operations. This report was revealed last work. Another reason causing the trend in shares is the feared mounting assault by Facebook team last week. The Facebook team intends to go public i.e. offer it shares hence tarnishes Google along the way. Google Company has intentions of acquiring Motorola Mobility for $12.5billion (Paul, pp.1). This acquisition is the biggest ever to be made by the Company. This has been viewed as an opportunity to make Google a mobile phone marker. The strategy will put the company ahead of its competitors because the latest android feature will be their patent. The threats have been seen from its competitors from the move of acquiring the android pa tent that belongs to Motorola. This will however consume a great deal of money i.e. a third of its cash reserve that may influence its share price. Nevertheless the company has been experiencing a long term upward of its share price for the past three months. It market analysis reveals earnings per share of $27.95 and a price earnings ratio of $21.05. Economic fundamentals The company enjoys high profits rates at the peak of the economic crisis. This has been seen towards the effects of competitors’ weakness to enter the industry of technological advances. The company’s beta stands at 1.12 currently. The company has had an upward trend in its earnings after tax for the past five years. Its growth stands at 42% compared to the industries average of 49% of net income growth. One of the biggest competitors is Apple that lies behind it. Its beta stands at 1.22. Its share market has risen by 12.5% compared to Google’s 25.19%. Its Smart technology on IPhone is however being threatened by the android phones from Google Company. Google Company stands at the highest share price rise in yesterday’s trading. The trend may be different depending on the future operations as its competitors are working tirelessly to be on the lead. I would buy shares of Google Company as they have been having an upward trend. My strategy is to watch the share price growth or decline. I would sell them if the share starts losing and buy them again at a lower price. With its high beta of 1.12, the company is a risky

Customer Retention in BizTech Company Coursework

Customer Retention in BizTech Company - Coursework Example Along with measuring your business traffic and conversion, success also relies on customer retention to complete the big picture. You may be getting attention and turning visitors into paying customers, but are you able to keep them around month after month? Or are they leaving after one experience or one transaction? If you want to build a sustainable and scalable business, you need to cut down on churn, the rate at which people are discarding your products and services. To do so, calculating your customer retention is the first step in this process. First, retention refers to a certain point in the customer lifecycle and it can be measured monthly, quarterly, or annually depending on the business. Know this time period because it is an important factor in your calculations. Second, there are two different ways to calculate retention: 1. Customer Retention Rate (CRR) 2. Dollar Retention Rate (DRR)

The Maturation of Bayard in Faulkner’s The Unvanquished Essay -- Faulk

The Maturation of Bayard in Faulkner’s The Unvanquished William Faulkner tells his novel The Unvanquished through the eyes and ears of Bayard, the son of Confederate Colonel John Sartoris. The author’s use of a young boy during such a turbulent time in American history allows him to relate events from a unique perspective. Bayard holds dual functions within the novel, as both a character and a narrator. The character of Bayard matures into a young adult within the work, while narrator Bayard relays the events of the story many years later. Several details within the work clue the reader to Bayard’s actual maturity. Diction from the opening chapter provides immediate clues. Although only twelve, the descriptions of Bayard’s mock-battlefield contain vocabulary far beyond his years (recalcitrance, topography, recapitulant) (p. 3-4), and Bayard admits his earlier shortcoming with words: â€Å"I was just twelve then; I didn’t know triumph; I didn’t even know the word† (p. 5). If the young boy did not know triumph, he most likely had not learned multi-syllabic words with etymological roo...

Kite Runner Essay Redemption Essay

Thesis Statement- The protagonist, Amir, must atone for the sins of his past to enable the creation of new relationships in the future. First Body Paragraph Q1 â€Å"I never thought of Hassan and me as friends†¦ history isn’t easy to overcome. Neither is religion. In the end, I was a Pashtun and he was a Hazara, I was Sunni and he was Shi’a, and nothing was ever going to change that. Nothing† (Hosseini 27) Despite the fact that Amir has spent his entire life in Hassan’s company he does not consider Hassan to be his friend. This is because of social status. Hassan religion is seen to be below Amir and this is why they will never be able to be friends. Hassan does not understand this and takes every opportunity to please Amir, to make him happy. The two boys grew up together, they learned to crawl together, and they later taught each other how to ride a bicycle. But history and religion override all of the mitigation factors in this relationship, and Amir has decided that he doesn’t value this relationship to be anything more than a master and his servant. Q2 â€Å"I had one last chance to make a decision. One final opportunity to decide who I was going to be. I could step into that alley, stand up for Hassan- the way he’d stood up for me all those time in the past- and accept whatever would happen to me. Or I could run. In the end, I ran† (pg 82) Amir was always trying to please Baba, to make him proud, to seek his approval. Amir was finally able to do this when he won the Kite Flying tournament. Baba had never been so proud. The only task left was for Hassan to run and find the winning kite. After a period of time Amir went to look for Hassan. He found him in the alley with Assed, and other bullies. Hassan had the winning kite, but there was a price to pay for this kite. Nothing is free in this world. Amir witnessed an act of unwavering loyalty from Hassan, as Hassan was being raped in order to keep the kite. Amir had the opportunity to step in and protect his companion, but instead chose to close his eyes. This was the  price he had to pay to receive Baba’s affection, and this haunts Amir for his entire lifetime. Q3 â€Å"Mostly, I remember this: His brass knuckle flashing in the afternoon light; how cold they felt with the first few blows and how quickly they warmed with my blood†¦ for the first time since the winter of 1975, I felt at peace. I laughed because I saw that, in some hidden nook in a corner of my mind, I’d ever been looking forward to this† (302) Amir has found Hassan’s son with Assef, leader of the Taliban and rapist. Assef issues a challenge for the boy and Amir accepts, this is Amir’s way of forgiving himself for all of his past sins. He is finally being punished for never stepping in and trying to protect Hassan because of his cowardice. With each physical injury that Assef inflicts Amir is forgiven more and more. This incident will make it possible for Amir to atone himself of his sins and create a future relationship with Sohrab, Hassans son and his part nephew. Second Body Paragraph Q1 â€Å"Maybe he would call me Amir Jan like Rahim Khan did. And maybe, just maybe, I would finally be pardoned for killing my mother† (60) Baba, Amir’s father, loved his wife. When she died during child birth it broke his heart. This created initial discord between Amir and Baba. One that was never able to abolish itself. Amir had different interests than Baba; this made it difficult for Amir to please Baba, which made it impossible for Amir to forgive himself for killing his mother at birth. Q2 â€Å"That was when I understood the depth of the pain I had caused, the blackness of the grief I had brought onto everyone, that not even Ali’s paralyzed face could mask his sorrow† (113) Ali grew up with Baba from childhood, and although Ali was their servant they had a long history together. Amir unable to express his feelings to anyone about watching Hassan be raped due to his loyalty has depleted his ability to function. The only way for Amir to rid himself of this guilty is to eliminate its source despite the pain and  anguish it may bring to others. When Ali and Hassan left, Babe cried. This created yet another emotional barrier between Baba and Amir. Q3 â€Å"It’s the happiest day of my life, Amir, he said, smiling tiredly†¦ he watched me joking with Shariff, watched Soraya and me lacing our fingers together, watched me push back a loose curl of her hair. I could see his internal smile.† (175) Amir and Baba left Afghanistan, they went to America. Together they went, leaving behind their part and moving forward together. Both creating new relationships, Baba at the flee market and at his new job, and Amir with Soraya. Leaving their homeland allowed them to forgive each other for the previous mistakes in their own relationship and move forward together in a fresh start. Third Body Paragraph Q1 â€Å"The car jerked forward and I felt a tiny hand on my forehead†¦ Sohrab was sobbing† (306) The relationship between Amir and Sohrab is just beginning to develop. They have no past behind them and this will allow them to create their relationship from scratch, no former life holding them back. Amir has redeemed himself and can now create a meaningful future with Sohrab. The memory of Sohrab’s father, Hassan, is not forgotten, but is transformed into a new opportunity to learn from the past and make the right choice. Q2 â€Å"A kinship exists between people who’ve fed from the same breast. Now, as the boy’s pain soaked through my shirt, I saw that a kinship had been taken root between us too. What had happened in that room with Assed had irrevocably bound us† (336) When Amir found Sohrab with the Taliban men he was determined to finally do the right thing, he would leave that building with the child. He was finally receiving the retribution that he deserved for all the times he didn’t stand up to protect Hassan that he just stood and watched. Amir needed to feel punished for all of his buried sins, then he would be redeemed. Amir was able to rescue Sohrab, however ultimately he was rescuing himself. Now a relationship between the two of them is starting to kindle. Q3 â€Å"It was only a smile, nothing more†¦ But I’ll take it. With open arms. Because when spring comes, it melts the snow one flake at a time, and maybe I just witnessed the first flake melting† (391) Amir was finally able to transport Sohrab into America. Amir is learning the roles of a friend, as well as a parent. This relationship between Amir and Sohrab has not been a smooth development, as many relationships are not. There have been roadblocks and situations which have been difficult to remedy, but eventually as time continues to roll on, they will have developed a meaningful relationship. One that was built on trust, friendship and love

What Is Environmental Degradation - 810 Words

4.2 BACKGROUND The increasing severity of global environmental challenges has prompted increased attention to the relationship between international trade and environmental degradations. On the one hand, there is a growing strand of literature on environmental degradations that focuses on emissions relocated by trade. As shown in the comprehensive surveys of Jayadevappa and Chhatre (2000), Wiedmann et al. (2007) and Sato (2012), there has been a growing interest since the 1970s for the interactions between trade and environment. A number of studies were carried out to estimate the physical amount of pollutants embodied in trade. Early contributions were made by Walter (1973) and Shui and Harriss (2006). More recent studies employ Global†¦show more content†¦(2011), which are discussed below. Muller and Mendelsohn (2007; 2009) use a so-called Air Pollution Emissions Experiments and Policy (APEEP) model to calculate the marginal damage associated with emitting an additional ton of pollution in the US. Air emission data used by the authors is provided by the US Environmental Protection Agency’s National Emission Inventory (NEI), which encompasses all anthropogenic emissions of six air pollutants (SO2, PM2.5, PM10, NOx, VOC, and NH3) in 48 states of the US (USEPA, 2006; 2009). The APEEP model first connects emissions of air pollutants to physical effects, by employing the USEPA national emission inventory of air pollution. Those physical effects include adverse effects on human health, decreased timber and agriculture yields, reduced visibility, accelerated depreciation of materials, and reductions in recreation services. Then, the model translates the physical effects into monetary terms using standard estimates of mortality and morbidity risks, market values of goods or services, and results of other valuation studies (e.g. Chestnut and Rowe, 1990; McClelland et al., 1993). Muller and Mendelsohn (2007; 2009) first calculate baseline damages of the year 2002’s emissions, and then calculate damages of one additional ton of emission. This procedure is repeated for each of the six pollutants in each of the 10,000 different sources locations. The estimated marginal damage,Show MoreRelatedPoverty And Poverty1302 Words   |  6 Pagesthat poverty and environmental degradation are connected. These impoverished communities are not only contributors to the pollution, like we all are, but they are victims of pollution (Shah, 2005). Due to constant demand of the wealthy, many areas that are impoverished are used as an area devoted to supplying the needs of those at any cost or a dumping ground of unwanted goods. 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